Sashiko (刺し子, meaning "little stabs") is a traditional Japanese embroidery technique originally developed for both decorative and practical purposes, primarily to reinforce clothing and fabric.
Emerging during the Edo period (1603–1867), sashiko was born out of necessity. Homespun clothing would often wear out, and people used simple running stitches to piece together scraps of fabric, creating stronger and more durable garments. By layering and stitching, sashiko not only extended the lifespan of clothing but also enhanced its strength and utility. By the Meiji period (1868–1912), sashiko had become well-established, particularly in northern farming communities where it evolved into a winter activity when outdoor work was limited due to the cold.
This technique was often applied to reinforce patched areas on clothing, especially in spots prone to wear and tear. It was also used to attach patches to thin fabrics for added warmth or durability. In some cases, such as firemen’s coats, sashiko was employed to create thick, absorbent layers of fabric that could be soaked in water to provide protection during firefighting.
Although sashiko typically relies on a simple running stitch, it has grown beyond its practical origins to include highly decorative patterns. Today, it is often used in quilting, embroidery samplers, and other creative crafts, valued not only for its functionality but also for its aesthetic appeal.